我的《信報》文章(2024年6月28日A16頁)刊登後的改良加長版
《喜馬拉雅山峰發臭 與 馬克龍拒做附庸》
www1.hkej.com/dailynews/commentary/article/3804992/喜馬拉雅山峰發臭與馬克龍拒做附庸
許劍昭
喜馬拉雅山峰發臭 與 馬克龍: 歐洲不是美國附庸
6月7日新聞:喜馬拉雅山峰清除了4具屍體和11噸垃圾。
早在2018年，尼泊爾的的英文日報 The Himalayan
已報道:
「奇臭無比！糞便、垃圾在山峰堆積遍野。」
除了尿液和糞便，被大量廢棄的還有氧氣瓶、帳篷、梯繩、含渣滓的罐頭和包裝紙。數以百計登山者及為他們服務的搬運工、廚師每年在大本營產生約 5500 公斤廢物。
[Note 1]
儘管政府早於2014年立規，要求每名登山隊成員必須帶回至少8公斤垃圾，但遵守者稀少。
[Note 2]
何解？一位資深嚮導含蓄地揭露端倪。
5月22日，德國通訊社在喜馬拉雅山營地作出報道，尼泊爾登山嚮導夏爾巴(K. R. Sherpa)第30次登上8849公尺的全球最高峰，比之前的任何人都多。
「對我而言，這從來都不是關於記錄的事……我需要養活家人，登山只是一份工作。」這位謙虛的54歲嚮導並表示，近年登山人數大幅增加的背景是「極限運動」(extreme sports) 成為時尚，很多沒有經驗的人為尋求刺激上山冒險。而關鍵是當登山者和搬運工要攀達頂峰時，必須經過還沒搬走的多具屍體 (you have to pass corpses)。
上山容易下山難，負重下坡難免會增加受傷和死亡的風險。在目睹過屍體的心理陰影下，願意把笨重、發臭的垃圾帶下山乃一項道德操守。那些只追求自我成就記錄與榮耀的登山者當然不會做，而既然聲稱鐘愛大自然的僱主不帶頭以身作則(露出其偽善的真面目)，受聘的搬運、隨從也不會冒這個險。
事實上，許多年輕人工作過一兩次後就不再幹，夏爾巴自己也告訴孩子不要從事這份工。
[Note 3]
不想當隨從、附庸的，還有法國總統馬克龍。
在今年4月25日的演講中，他重申「歐洲不是美國的附庸」
(法語原句: jamais le vassal (附庸、傭人、奴僕) des États-Unis d’Amérique) 。
[Note 4]
引致部分歐洲盟友萌生去意的原因眾多。除了所謂的美式軟實力為盟友帶來一次復一次的金融危機，廣泛流行的道德敗壞(吸毒、網賭、酗酒、狎童、槍枝暴力等被馬克龍描述為「去文明」(decivilization)) ，還有本文重點討論的「偽善」(hypocrisy) 。
[Note 5]
劍橋大學政治與國際研究系主任朗西曼教授(David W. Runciman 1967 - ) 在其2008年的書中指出，偽善是國際政治的現實常態。
為了維護國家利益，政府不可避免地，要採用意大利政治學家馬基維利（Machiavelli 1469—1527）所論述的諸類非道德(amoral)策略，當中包括假裝、撒謊、偽善等等。
[Note 6]
可是，一旦偽善越過紅線，演化成「殘忍」— 忍讓、縱容他人
的高強度殘酷行為 — 並期望或強迫其盟友也這樣做，就會產生反感;持續的反感促成疏離感增加、效忠度下降。
華盛頓容忍美軍
在關塔那摩灣長期關押無辜、
在伊拉克和阿富汗濫炸平民、
在關島及沖繩攪擾住民生活，
早已眾所週知、臭名遠播。
最近的加沙、烏克蘭衝突更進一大步，促使盟友不願繼續充當美國的附庸。
[Note 7]
4月18日，聯合國投票給予巴勒斯坦成員國地位，美國反對，英國棄權，法國贊成。
[Note 8]
5月28日，西班牙、愛爾蘭、挪威正式承認巴勒斯坦為國家;另一歐盟成員國斯洛文尼亞也表示很快也會這樣做。這些國家在國際關係中展現出追求外交自主的勇氣。
[Note 9]
俄烏衝突初期，德國僅提供頭盔，馬克龍更親訪莫斯科，試圖調解基輔政府與烏克蘭東南部俄語人民之間的種族矛盾。
[Note 10]
但美國向盟友施壓，要求升級對烏克蘭的支持，以延長戰鬥，目的是拖垮俄羅斯。眼見
一方面數以萬計烏克蘭士兵在這場美俄代理人戰爭中枉死，
另一方面主張盡快結束烏克蘭戰爭的特朗普再次入主白宮的機會增加，
馬克龍嘗試讓歐洲取得化解烏克蘭危機的主導權。
[Note 11]
他首先高調地表明有意派遣法國軍隊（非以北約的名義）進駐烏克蘭，且敦促歐洲列國在烏克蘭一事上不做「懦夫」，應拿出擔當主導的勇氣。美國媒體立即譏諷他為「小拿破崙」(little Napoleon)，並引述一些親美政客的言論批評其想法。
[Note 12]
但馬克龍拒絕讓步。在他的支持下，一場討論烏克蘭和平的世界論壇在瑞士舉行，邀請全球多國參加，目的不是產生任何具體結果，而是稀釋美國的獨大主導作用。
[Note 13]
第二，他提出社會改革，將法國跟美國那種不受約束的自由(任意) 文化區分開來，較特殊的包括:
監管15歲或以下少年人接通(access)電子屏幕(手機、電腦、遊戲機等)的時限、
強制青少年穿整齊校服上學、
預約醫生診症但沒有到場的爽約者須罰款。
《紐約時報》和親美的歐洲媒體批評這種「馬克龍主義」是一種轉向右翼的表現。
[Note 14]
第三，馬克龍於歐盟議會選舉前，故意向媒體透露他不支持親美的馮德萊恩續任歐盟委員會主席;而右翼政黨在歐盟議會選舉中獲勝後，即時宣布解散法國國會舉行大選。
[Note 15]
須知道，歐盟領導層的外交政策取向，一直處於華盛頓的控制之下。雖然大多數右翼政黨的主要目標是奪回國內經濟自主權、移民及難民管轄權，但他們也傾向於抵制華盛頓對其本國外交的指揮、壓力。
鑑於他最近多次使用右翼常見的修辭、術語，看來馬克龍甘冒極大風險，借用右翼作為槓桿點，削弱美國對歐洲外交的控制，擺脫束縛法國作為美國附庸的羅網(法國總理6月20日預告極右派在選舉中獲勝將影響外交政策，另有評論稱馬克龍正在將歐盟推向崩潰邊緣) 。
[Note 16]
儘管他在短期內成功機會不大，但已在歐洲內外造成影響。例如日韓與美國在各方面關係密切之際，突然積極要求與北京直接對話;5月27日中日韓領導人會議更就貿易及文化交流，達成多項具實務性的共識。
[Note 17]
登頂確是一項成就，但操守越過紅線的偽善者
— 容忍殘害大自然或異鄉人的行為 —
所留下的，不是甚麼驕人記錄，
而只會是冰封萬年的遺臭。
Notes
[Note 1]
2024 0607
[Note 2]
2018 0525
https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/holy-stink-piles-of-poop-litter-mt-everest
the government has long failed to implement its
2014 mountaineering rule, which states that each member of an expedition must
bring back at least eight kilos of garbage, apart from their own trash from Mt
Everest, Mt Lhotse and Mt Nuptse expeditions
[Note 3]
2024 0522
https://de.nachrichten.yahoo.com/nepalesischer-bergf%C3%BChrer-besteigt-mount-everest-064019101.html
2024 0525
[Note 4]
2024 0425
https://lv.ambafrance.org/Discours-sur-l-Europe-du-president-de-la-Republique-Emmanuel-Macron-a-la
2024 0426
translation in English
https://geopolitique.eu/en/2024/04/26/macron-europe-it-can-die-a-new-paradigm-at-the-sorbonne/
[Note 5]
2023 0525
https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230525-violence-risks-uncivilising-france-warns-emmanuel-macron
[Note 6]
David Runciman (2008), “Political Hypocrisy: The
Mask of Power, from Hobbes to Orwell and Beyond”, Princeton and Oxford:
Princeton University Press.
https://www.amazon.com/Political-Hypocrisy-Hobbes-Orwell-Beyond/dp/0691129312
wiki, Niccolò Machiavelli
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli
[Note 7]
2009 0318
https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/most-guantanamo-detainees-are-innocent-ex-bush-official-1.804550
Most Guantanamo detainees are innocent: ex-Bush
official
The Associated Press · Posted: Mar 19, 2009
2021 1220
https://news.yahoo.com/know-civilian-casualty-files-162317088.html
According to
the military’s count, 1,417 civilians have died in airstrikes in the campaign
against ISIS in Iraq and Syria; since 2018 in Afghanistan, U.S. air operations
have killed at least 188 civilians. But The Times found that the civilian death
toll was significantly higher.
2020 0703
wiki, Protests of US military presence in Okinawa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_of_US_military_presence_in_Okinawa
[Note 8]
2024 0418
https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15670.doc.htm
The proposal, submitted by Algeria, received 12
votes in favour, with the United States casting a negative vote and Switzerland
and the United Kingdom abstaining. A
Council resolution requires at least nine votes in favour and no vetoes from
its five permanent members — China, France, the Russian Federation, the United
Kingdom and the United States — to pass.
The Algerian draft failed, owing to a negative vote cast by a permanent
member.
[Note 9]
2024 0528
2024 0528
[Note 10]
2022 0127
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/27/germanys-offer-to-send-5000-helmets-to-ukraine-provokes-outrage.html
2022 0207
https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/07/europe/ukraine-russia-news-monday-intl/index.html
[Note 11]
2024 0428
https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/28/politics/cnn-poll-trump-biden-matchup/index.html
CNN Poll: Trump maintains lead over Biden in 2024
matchup as views on their presidencies diverge
[Note 12]
2024 0227
https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/27/europe/france-macron-troops-ukraine-intl/index.html
French President Emmanuel Macron has openly
discussed the possibility of sending European troops to
Ukraine to help Kyiv win the war against Russia
2024 0314
https://www.cato.org/commentary/does-little-napoleon-macron-want-lead-europe-war-russia
2024 0502
2024 0503
Macron urges Ukraine's allies not to be 'cowardly'
[Note 13]
Wiki, 2024
Ukraine peace summit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2024_Ukraine_peace_summit
As of 24 May 2024, representatives from 160 states
and international organizations had been invited to the conference.
[Note 14]
2024 0116
He announced a trial that could lead to school uniforms becoming compulsory in the next two years, said all children should learn France's national anthem "La Marseillaise" and also unveiled an idea for all schoolchildren to take drama courses. "France will be stronger (...) if we are more united, if we re-learn to share values, a common culture, respect in classroom, in the street, in public transport and in shops," he said.
Entering even into the
daily lives of families, he announced that he wanted to "regulate the use of screens among young children," although it was
not immediately clear how this would be implemented. He said the government
would lay out measures to "determine the good use of screens for our
children" for "the future of our societies and our democracies."
Measures
concerning children would include regulating
their TV, phone and computer screen time, he said, adding that
he could not specify yet how that would be done.
France will introduce a €5 penalty for people who fail to turn up to
doctors' appointments, Prime Minister Gabriel Attal said Saturday,
April 6..
2024 0119
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/19/world/europe/france-macron-speech.html
Macron Shifts Rightward, and Charts a New Course
2024 0117
Macron’s plan to move right: School uniforms, national service and more babies
The French president seeks to gain ground among
conservatives with his calls to restore traditions of yesteryear.
[Note 15]
2024 0425
https://english.almayadeen.net/news/politics/macron-wants-von-der-leyen-replaced--bloomberg
French President Emmanuel Macron looks to replace European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and is discussing options with other EU leaders, reported Bloomberg on Wednesday, citing sources.
[Note 16]
2024 0619
Because the terms used, if they are a first in the
mouth of the president, are borrowed from the vocabulary of the National Rally
and more generally from the vocabulary of the far right to criticize the
proposals emanating from the various left-wing programs in recent years.
Last year, the use of the term 'decivilisation' by
the President of the Republic after the riots following Nahel's death had a
deep impact on people's minds, the term being a marker of the right or even the
far right for several years, which sometimes prefers the term 'ensauvagement'.
2024 0620
French premier warns of foreign policy impacts in case of far-right
victory in elections
France would risk 'Frexit,' end of support to
Ukraine, says Gabriel Att
2024 0620
https://sg.news.yahoo.com/coming-french-revolution-destroy-eu-183852614.html
France is about to bring the EU to the brink
of collapse
[Note 17]
2024 0528
https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202405/content_6953892.htm
新华社首尔5月27日电：
第九次中日韩领导人会议联合宣言
