Saturday, August 17, 2024

校園欺凌 與 國家安全、國際關係

 我的信報文章(2024815A14刊登後的改良加長版

校園欺凌 與 國家安全、國際關係

www1.hkej.com/dailynews/commentary/article/3848064/校園欺凌與國家安全、國際關係










                                    許劍昭

企圖暗殺特朗普但遭當場擊斃的20槍手克魯克斯被發現生前在學校常遭欺凌……15時曾威脅要向學校開槍曾在網上搜尋重度憂鬱症資料……調人員判斷他符合孤獨者或被遺棄者的特,其生活特點是孤立或拒,有強迫症傾向,對槍械痴迷……

[Note 1]

在美國,校園欺凌的常見後果是受害者(下稱受欺者)自我孤立、憂鬱、輟學等極端後果自殺,便是在學校開槍報復20002021年,中小學槍擊事件致使108人亡、168人傷,大專院校槍擊事件則造成75人亡、82人傷

[Note 2]

隸屬於美國特勤局的國家威脅評估中心(National Threat Assessment Center) 2019 年發表的研究指出,大多數校園槍擊案槍手在事發前,都經過持續數週、數月或數年的同學凌行為

[Note 3]

教人驚訝的是,幾乎所有關於校園欺凌的研究都集中在受害者身上,關於欺凌者的卻很少

這些罕見的研究之一是在今年3月發表的論文,三位英國學者指出遊樂場欺凌者(playground bullies)比不善社交的孩子賺得更多,既享有高飛的職業生涯較他們的受害者能在中年更富裕(ISER 2024-01, Bono, Etheridge and Garcia)

[Note 4]

校園欺凌者在畢業後往哪裡去及在工作場所表現如何,過去無法得知,但在網上社交平台出現後逐漸曝光較著名的近例

2023年時任英國副首相藍韜文被指欺凌下屬,

2022年受欺者在 reddit 上抱怨兒時遇到的欺凌者當選為國會議員,

2017年出現的反性侵運動 (#MeToo movement) 等 。

[Note 5]

職場平台領英(Linkedin)也有文章稱成人欺凌(adult bullying)在辦公室很常見:……可悲的是,在一些情況中,他們(欺凌者)被視為明星表演者,甚至英雄……他們的目標是那些對他們構成威脅的人。讓我感到難過的是,目標(受欺者)如何從一個自信、勤奮、踏實的人變成一個非常士氣低落的人……大多數欺凌者都曾經與學校欺凌相關……

[Note 6]

欺凌不僅僅是學校或職場問題若那些

於護理院舍工作的,欺凌孤兒病老,虐待弱勢土著;

於公安系統工作的,刁難非其族類,濫捕有色人種;

於境外基地駐兵的,強暴當地少女,破壞當地環境;

於被佔領區作戰的,濫炸醫院學校,濫殺無辜平民;

均為社會穩定外交談判帶來困難。

 

在國家安全層面校園受欺者長大後倘若情緒不穩在極端影響下可能會謀害他們所憎恨的政治人物無論成功與否均會加深社會分歧。

校園欺凌者長大後倘若成為慣性欺凌者。在政治野心下加入政府成為高官據其價視角點制定政策可能加劇社會不公民怨四起上述兩者可引致社會暴亂一觸即發

所以假如特朗普在713日被殺,政治暴力或會蔓延全國,甚至引發

[Note 7]

為了盡快降低風險,拜登翌日發表講話,強調暴力不是解決分歧的方法激烈的政治言論必須降並在15日承認使用靶心描繪特朗普為攻擊目標不當

[Note 8]

在國際關係層面校園欺凌更是文明衝突國際戰爭的種子之一

普及全民教育是現代的在西方,開始聚集大量青少年的早期學校繼承了修道院教育傳統紀律嚴明允許體罰但校園欺凌仍無法避免奧地利作家Robert Musil (1880-1942)的1906年名著The Confusions of Young Törless已經藉寄宿學校凌行為探討欺凌者道德迷亂的問題

[Note 9]

二戰後的歐美校園宗教影響衰退、道德教育萎縮、個人主義受讚自由任意橫行;再加上互聯網出現學校逐漸成為欺凌者上佳的訓練場,讓弱小的同學成為他們的實驗生物欺凌技巧更多元欺凌形式更多維

校園欺凌在西方民主社會禁,反愈演愈烈究其原因可參考兩位美國學者(Smith & Tatalovich)關於交戰文化(Warring culture)的研究他們發現,雖然現代西方價觀強調平等,但現實是人們用盡一切手段尋求地位差別以標榜自己在某一方面比別人優越

[Note 10]

較明顯的常見行為包括炫耀性消費、強調自我或個人的獨特性;較隱藏的行為則有語言暴力(侮辱、低貶)、霸凌欺壓學者把這種現象稱為西式民主的道德衝突的後果,就是:愈公開強調平等,人們愈隱含地採用各種方式來獲得滿足自己的優越感

這一切都始於自由的現代校園,讓資源(身體容貌物質財富)較佳的學生用凌來享受優越的地位;畢業後,凌者把這種習慣和心態帶進了社會、政府、國會,最後也帶到了國際舞台

美國一位目睹各種欺凌行為的母親在1996年出版了一本書,批評統治世界的欺凌者

[Note 11]

1932年,愛因斯坦寫信詢問心理學創始人弗洛伊德為什麼有戰爭(Why war)得到的回答是個人都有兩種本能,一種是保存和團結,另一種是破壞和殺戮不同社會的不同文化薰陶會在民眾之間加強一種本能,並削弱另一此中差異是引發戰爭的原因之一(見聯合國教科文組織網頁)

[Note 12]

一些西方國家經百年學校教養的平民、官員、議員、統治者,已經進入一個惡性循環,既欠意願也缺辦法緩解校園欺凌,倒讓欺凌者以校園為訓練場磨練霸凌技巧,造成無休止的槍擊暴力案,培育霸凌型從政執政(美國PBS片指稱特朗普在學校時是欺凌者,知名度較低的從政更不計其數)

[Note 13]

陸港澳台教育部門必須留意那些採用西方教育課程的學校關注他們的道德熏陶,是否採取有效措施減少(無法完全消除)凌行為,既輔導受欺者也務必輔導欺凌者,不要讓槍手克魯克斯特朗普這兩類人在大中華社會中出現,以確保實現中國和平崛起夥伴共同富裕的承諾。

Notes for Editor

[Note 1]

2024 0716  星島日報 

std.stheadline.com/daily/article/2610517/日報-國際-行刺特朗普槍手-在校常遭欺凌

美國前總統特朗普上周六在造勢集會上遭槍擊,被當場擊斃的20槍手克魯克斯更多背景曝光。他是當地一間療養院的膳食助理,其中學同學受訪時透露,克魯克斯在學校常遭欺凌,為人安靜、向、孤僻

 

2024 0719  星島日報 

std.stheadline.com/realtime/article/2011988/即時-國際-特朗普遇刺-傳槍手網上曾發犯案預告-數年前威脅向學校開槍

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Matthew_Crooks

Classmates and school officials characterized him as quiet, with classmates claiming he was often bullied,[9][7][2] including for his quiet demeanor, and for wearing camouflage hunting outfits and masks to school.[10][9] Crooks enjoyed playing chess and video games, and was learning how to code.[11] He received a $500 "star award" the same year from the National Math and Science Initiative.[12][7]

 

[Note 2]

2024 07  National Center for Education Statistics

Violent Deaths at School and Away From School, and Active Shooter Incidents

https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/a01/violent-deaths-and-shootings

…… From 2000 to 2021, there were 276 casualties (108 killed and 168 wounded) in active shooter incidents at elementary and secondary schools and 157 casualties (75 killed and 82 wounded) in active shooter incidents at postsecondary institutions.

 

[Note 3]

2019 Nov   US Secret Services: National Threat Assessment Center

PROTECTING AMERICA’S SCHOOLS

A U.S. SECRET SERVICE ANALYSIS OF TARGETED SCHOOL VIOLENCE

https://www.secretservice.gov/sites/default/files/2020-04/Protecting_Americas_Schools.pdf

…… Most of the attackers were bullied by their classmates, and for over half of the attackers the bullying appeared to be of a persistent pattern which lasted for weeks, months, or years.

 

2019   University of Virginia Cooperative Agreement No. 2019-YSBX-K001 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance.

Role of Bullying in School Shootings

https://education.virginia.edu/documents/yvprole-bullying-school-shootingspdf

…… the NTAC study of 41 school shootings found that the majority of the attackers had experienced a persistent pattern of bullying by classmates that lasted for weeks, months, or years prior to the attack (NTAC, 2019).

 

Published online 2022 Nov 22  Cureus:  doi: 10.7759/cureus.31785

“Bullying Victimization as a Risk Factor for Gun Carrying among US Adolescents”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9776024/

 

[Note 4]

2024 0328  Psychology Today

School Bullies earn more money as adults

https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/you-are-not-meant-to-be-happy/202403/school-bullies-earn-more-money-as-adults

…… the aggressive, impulsive kids ended up getting better jobs and earning more money than the others—including, of course, their victims.

 

2024 0311  Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER)

The economic value of childhood socio-emotional skills

https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/research/publications/working-papers/iser/2024-01

 

[Note 5]

信報 202359A14

藍韜文欺凌與人工智能的聊天隱患

https://www1.hkej.com/dailynews/article/id/3452062

http://contemporarychineselegalism.blogspot.com/2023/05/blog-post.html

 

2022  reddit

My childhood bully who made my life hell is now a senior politician.

https://www.reddit.com/r/self/comments/10gtub0/my_childhood_bully_who_made_my_life_hell_is_now_a/?rdt=51010

Hi Reddit,

…… In the mid-2000s, when I was a teenager, I was severely bullied by a peer at school. He:

told me daily I needed to die due to my homosexuality

threatened to kill me for my homosexuality

physically assaulted me

verbally assaulted me

openly boasted about being a Nazi and did Hitler salutes

I was a vulnerable teenager and on the autism spectrum.

 

Wiki,  MeToo movement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeToo_movement

…… The phrase "Me Too" was initially used in this context on social media in 2006, on Myspace, by sexual assault survivor and activist Tarana Burke.[4] The hashtag #MeToo was used starting in 2017 as a way to draw attention to the magnitude of the problem. "Me Too" empowers those who have been sexually assaulted through empathy, solidarity and strength in numbers, by visibly demonstrating how many have experienced sexual assault and harassment, especially in the workplace.

 

[Note 6]

2024 0117  Linked in

Adult bullying: the modern-day monster

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/adult-bullying-modern-day-monster-patrick-o-rakiro--oqmdc

…… Sadly, in some associations they are viewed as star performers and even heroes. Bullies are masters in deception, deflecting, manipulation to mask their own insecurities. And they target those who are a threat to them. What saddens me is how the target can go from being a confident, hard-working, solid individual to a very demoralized person.

 

[Note 7]

2024 0715

CNN, “July 13, 2024, coverage of the Trump assassination attempt”

https://edition.cnn.com/politics/live-news/election-biden-trump-07-13-24/index.html

 

[Note 8]

2024 0714  NPR

https://www.npr.org/2024/07/14/g-s1-10305/trump-assassination-attempt-biden-unity

Biden calls for unity following Trump assassination attempt

 

2024 0716  Tennessee Lookout

Biden says ‘bullseye’ remark about Trump was a mistake but defends criticism

https://tennesseelookout.com/2024/07/16/biden-says-bullseye-remark-about-trump-was-a-mistake-but-defends-criticism/

 

2024 0716  NBC Montana

Media must focus on dangers of violent political rhetoric after rally shooting: expert

https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/media-must-focus-on-dangers-of-violent-political-rhetoric-after-rally-shooting-expert-politics-mass-media-news-coverage-partisanship-election-democracy

 

2024 0715  Reuters

After Trump shooting, Republicans seek to pin political violence trend on Democrats

https://www.reuters.com/world/us/republicans-wake-trump-shooting-seek-pin-political-violence-trend-democrats-2024-07-14/

 

2024 0714  Politico.eu

“Trump shooting: Nigel Farage blames liberals and mainstream media”

https://www.politico.eu/article/donald-trump-shooting-fault-liberals-mainstream-media-nigel-farage/

 

[Note 9]

Wiki, “The Confusions of Young Törless”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Confusions_of_Young_T%C3%B6rless

…… The Confusions of Young Törless (German: Die Verwirrungen des Zöglings Törleß), or Young Törless, is the literary debut of the Austrian philosophical novelist and essayist Robert Musil, first published in 1906.

 

[Note 10]

See Ch. 3 “Culture Theory and Warring Cultures” in T. Alexander
Smith and Raymond Tatalovich (2003), “Cultures at War: Moral Conflicts in Western Democracies”, New York: Broadview Press.

https://www.amazon.com/Cultures-War-Conflicts-Western-Democracies/dp/1551113341

 

[Note 11]

Carol Bly (1996), “Changing the Bully who rules the world: reading and thinking about Ethics”

https://www.amazon.com/Changing-Bully-Who-Rules-World/dp/1571312056

 

[Note 12]

Last update: 2023   UNESCO

The UNESCO Courier, “Why war? A letter from Freud to Einstein”

https://courier.unesco.org/en/articles/why-war-letter-freud-einstein

 

[Note 13]

2020 0922  PBS

“Trump the ‘Bully’: How childhood & military school shaped the future president”

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/trump-the-bully-how-childhood-military-school-shaped-the-future-president/

…… In the above clip from FRONTLINE’s The Choice 2020: Trump vs. Biden, a documentary that premiered Sept. 22 and is now streaming online, sources describe Trump’s time in military school as a five-year lesson in bullying.

“Donald Trump yelled at his classmates,” says Trump biographer Marc Fisher, co-author of Trump Revealed. “He pushed them around. … He ruled dormitory life with an iron fist.”

“All of us were part of this culture of you beat on kids when they didn’t do the right thing,” says Trump’s former military school classmate Sandy McIntosh.

Echoes another classmate, Harry Falber: “You got hit. You may have gotten slammed against the wall.”

Trump would emerge from military school with a blueprint for leadership by force and ridicule.