Showing posts with label 格陵蘭. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 格陵蘭. Show all posts

Thursday, February 26, 2026

格陵蘭擁關鍵礦物 歐洲復興最後希望

 我的《信報》文章(2026年2月25日A12頁)

刊登後的改良加長版《格陵蘭擁關鍵礦物 歐洲復興最後希望》

www.hkej.com/dailynews/commentary/article/4325072/格陵蘭擁關鍵礦物+歐洲復興最後希望

 








                                                             許劍昭

1月15日,德國公司 NEURA Robotics  在2026 年拉斯維加斯國際消費電子展 (CES),展示與 Studio F.A. Porsche合作設計的下一代人形機械人 4NE1,並介紹智慧機械和連網人機生態系統的未來。

[Note 3]

其他從事人形機械人研究的歐洲公司還有:

Agile 1(德國)、

Aldebaran Robotics (法國)、

PAL Robotics(西班牙)、

1X Technologies(挪威)、

Oversonic Robotics(義大利)、

Engineered Arts(英國)、

Protoone(波蘭)。


人形機械人的應用範圍涵蓋製造、物流,提供日常家居服務、確保工作環境安全等等。

當然,將其用作軍事用途並不令人意外。1月27日,烏克蘭稱,其人工智慧機械 Droid TW-7.62 在前線俘虜了三名俄羅斯士兵。

[Note 4]

因此,從提升生產效率、維護國家安全,到緩解心靈孤寂、優化生活質素,人類正步入人形機械人時代。

在2025年5月,摩根士丹利的一份報告指出,到2050年,機械人數量可能高達10億台(目前全球人口約82億)。而製造這種先進的機器,需要至少六種關鍵礦物(見表1)。更重要的是,歐洲大陸缺乏這類礦物,但格陵蘭島卻蘊藏着非常豐富的此等資源。

[Note 5]

公元前800至500年,凱爾特(Celtic)文化因為率先懂得如何錘製鐵屬武器,迅速擊敗所有其他仍使用銅製武器的落後部落,從而控制了歐洲。鐵製工具的使用也促進了他們的文明發展。

[Note 6]

多年前,一位玩《魔獸爭霸》(World of Warcraft)系列遊戲的年輕人,向我解釋他如何意識到開採礦產對於確保所有戰役勝利的重要性。因此,我們這三代人普遍了解礦產的擁有和開採關乎國家民族生死榮辱的科學邏輯。

[Note 7]

歐洲曾經是一個偉大的文明地域,但由於種種原因,它陷入了一個惡性循環:在各方面都依賴單一個較自己更強大的洲外盟國,逐漸變得懶惰並沉迷於感官享樂 (世界衛生組織數據顯示歐洲的酒精消費量在全球所有區域中最高,每年累計約80萬人因酗酒喪生),然後更加依賴這個強悍的保護者。

[Note 8]

擺脫這個惡性循環並不難。歷史上,一些歐洲人曾為國家安全、經濟繁榮提供真知灼見。


在1986年出版的《Makers of Modern Strategy》一書中,26位學者回顧多位思想家如何透過制定一些具有里程碑意義的國家發展策略,深遠地增強了西方的實力。

當中包括馬基雅維利 (Machiavelli 1469-1527) 、

克勞塞維茨(Clausewitz 1780-1831),

他們分別奠定現代治國策略(strategy for statecraft) 及戰爭策略 (strategy for war) 的基礎。這兩種策略都強調戰爭相關物資的穩定充足供應及武器製造能力乃不可或缺;否則,國家安全必將陷於嚴重災危。


另一方面,亞當·史密斯(Adam Smith 1723-90) 、

弗里德里希·李斯特( (Friedrich List 1789-1846) ,

則分別奠定現代市場經濟策略(strategy for market economy) 及治理經濟策略 (strategy for political economy) 的根柢。

[Note 9]

儘管史密斯在其1776著作《國富論》中提倡自由貿易和市場機制,但每當涉及到大英帝國的國家利益時,他的看法就截然不同。例如,當某些特定產業對英國國防至關重要時,他主張政府向這些產業支付補貼,並對其他可能削弱英國製造業獨立性的產業徵收關稅(《國富論》頁429-489)。

[Note 10]

此外,史密斯顯然明白船艦對帝國的實力極為重要,因此在書中支持補貼在殖民地生產海軍物資的工廠,並同意必須禁止將這些產品從殖民地出口到英國以外的任何國家(頁484-610)。

憑藉龐大的艦隊,英國在19至20世紀成為「日不落國」(the empire on which the sun never sets)。

[Note 11]

致力促成普魯士(Prussia)統一德國的李斯特認定,發展鐵路網絡對於德國在地球上的崛起至關重要。

從1820年開始,他提議建造一系列橫跨歐亞大陸的鐵路網,以德國為中心,向東伸至俄羅斯和中國,向東南直達伊拉克和印度,向南鋪展至埃及和蘇丹,向西南延至阿爾及利亞,向西直通法國。

他認為,一旦快速交通系統建立起來,德國就能進而統一丹麥、荷蘭、瑞士、比利時等在文化和語言方面有共同淵源的國家。

[Note 12]

其部分建議被「鐵血宰相」俾斯麥 (Bismarck 1815-1898) 付諸實踐,並使德國迅速崛起為強國。

鐵礦石及關連金屬乃建造遠洋船舶  、路軌車廂、引擎系統的必不可少組成礦物,歐洲列強在殖民年代透過取得諸類關鍵礦物不斷壯大。

但數據顯示,一戰前曾主導歐洲,甚至全球,的英國和法國,由於不同的原因,忽視了國內製造業的重要性,導致供應鏈萎縮,為二戰期間的軍事實力崩潰埋下了伏筆(見表2)。

二戰後,德國也被迫限制製造業的擴張速度,逐漸落後於洲外強國。整個歐洲在各方面都必須依賴一個超級大國。受盡閒氣的法國總統曾經主張歐洲自力更新(詳見拙文《…馬克龍拒做附庸》,刊《信報》2024年6月) ,但未能獲得積極的迴響。

[Note 13]

經濟停滯不前的歐洲,已經逐漸被一些規模較大的發展中國家趕上。2022年,印度的國民生產總值超越英國,成為全球第五大經濟體。2024年巴西也超越意大利,成為第八大經濟體。

[Note 14]

全人類即將進入人工智能和機械人技術的新時代,滯後的歐洲能否抓住這一機會實現復興,取決於諸多因素,其中之一就是擁有製造突破性機械所需的材料。可惜「認賊作父」、尊稱掠奪者為「Daddy 」的人,仍然穩居歐洲領導高層,甘願拱手讓出格陵蘭。

[Note 15]

展望快將到來的轉折點,當其他強國生產數以億計的機械人,而歐洲空有製造無人機和人形機械人所需的設計藍圖和操作軟件,但卻因為失去格陵蘭島,缺乏必要的礦產資源供應鏈,只能夠勉勉強強製造五、六百萬具,復興的最後希望必然隨風而逝。


Notes

[Note 1]

2025 0515  Morgan Stanley

“Humanoids: A $5 Trillion Market”

https://www.morganstanley.com/insights/articles/humanoid-robot-market-5-trillion-by-2050

The humanoids market could surpass $5 trillion by 2050, including sales from supply chains and networks for repair, maintenance and support.

 

2025 0527  Market Index

“Rise of the machines: How 1 billion humanoid robots by 2050 will drive a surge in critical minerals demand”

https://www.marketindex.com.au/news/rise-of-the-machines-how-1-billion-humanoid-robots-by-2050-will-drive-a

Here’s a shopping list of critical minerals Morgan Stanley predicts will be required to produce just one humanoid (on average, approximately):

0.9kg NdPr (neodymium praseodymium, i.e., one of the main “rare earth” minerals)

2kg Lithium

6.5kg Copper

1.4kg Nickel

180g Cobalt

3kg Graphite

 

2023 Nov   Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS)

Geology and Ore  Issue No.34  Nov 2023 

“Critical raw material resources in Greenland”

https://data.geus.dk/pure-pdf/2023_Rosa_Critical_raw_material_resources.pdf

 

2026 0205   CWIEME Berlin

“Greenland’s Mineral Edge: Opportunity and Obstacles”

https://berlin.cwiemeevents.com/articles/greenlands-mineral-edge

 

2026 0108   CSIS

“Greenland, Rare Earths, and Arctic Security”

https://www.csis.org/analysis/greenland-rare-earths-and-arctic-security

 

2026 0110   GeoExpOre

“Greenland’s Mineral Riches and Arctic Geopolitics

https://geoexpore.com/greenlands-mineral-riches-and-arctic-geopolitics-implications-for-us-policy/

 

[Note 2]

See p.299 in

Paul Kennedy (1987), “The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers”, New York: Random House.

 

Wiki, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Great_Powers

https://www.amazon.com/Rise-Fall-Great-Powers/dp/0679720197

 

[Note 3]

2026 0126  InterAlpen Partners

“NEURA Robotics takes center stage at CES 2026!”

https://www.interalpenllc.com/post/neura-robotics-takes-center-stage-at-ces-2026

Las Vegas, NV - CES 2026 was all about expanding the horizon of cognitive robotics. We revealed Gen 3.5 of our humanoid robot, 4NE1, developed in collaboration with Studio F. A. Porsche.

 

2026 0105  Neura

“Neura Robotics unveils next-generation robots and announces exciting CES 2026 Program”

https://neura-robotics.com/neura-robotics-at-ces-2026/

NEURA CES exhibit will demonstrate the capabilities of its industry-leading Neuraverse platform

New generation of the Humanoid 4NE1 as well as its smaller version, 4NE1 Mini, and the NEURA Quadruped Robot will be revealed

CEO David Reger will be joined by guests, such as Spencer Huang from NVIDIA, and David Kehr from Schaeffler

Las Vegas, USA/Metzingen, Germany: January 5, 2026 – NEURA Robotics, the pioneer in cognitive robotics and creator of the Neuraverse operating system, today announced its participation at CES 2026 in Las Vegas, where it will showcase the future of intelligent machines and connected human-robotic ecosystems.

 

 

[Note 4]

2026 0127  United 24 Media

“This Ukrainian AI Robot Just Captured Three Russian Soldiers on the Front Line—Video”

https://united24media.com/latest-news/this-ukrainian-ai-robot-just-captured-three-russian-soldiers-on-the-front-line-video-15373

 

[Note 5]

2025 0515  Morgan Stanley

“Humanoids: A $5 Trillion Market”

https://www.morganstanley.com/insights/articles/humanoid-robot-market-5-trillion-by-2050

Although humanoids are still under development, there could be more than 1 billion by 2050, with 90% used for industrial and commercial purposes.

 

[Note 6]

2023 EBSCO

“Celtic Warfare”

https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/military-history-and-science/celtic-warfare

Celtic warfare refers to the military practices and strategies of the Celtic tribes that flourished in Europe from around the 5th century BCE until their eventual subjugation by the Roman Empire. Characterized by a lack of centralized authority, the Celts organized themselves around chieftains and defensive settlements known as oppida. Their military prowess allowed them to expand their territory, engaging in significant conflicts with neighboring powers, including the Romans and Carthaginians. The Celts were known for their iron weaponry, including long swords and spears, and utilized tactics such as headlong charges and psychological warfare to unsettle their enemies.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts

zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/凯尔特人

 

[Note 7]

Google  AI Overview

In World of Warcraft (WoW), mining is a primary profession that involves finding, extracting, and smelting ore nodes scattered throughout the game world, which are essential for crafting weapons and armor used in combat. This gathering activity is crucial for gearing up, as mined materials (such as Copper, Iron, Thorium, or the new War Within ores like Bismuth and Ironclaw) are key components for Blacksmithing, Engineering, and Jewelcrafting.

 

[Note 8]

2025 0508  WHO

“European Health Alliance on Alcohol launched to reduce the unsustainable toll of alcohol harms in Europe”

https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/08-05-2025-european-health-alliance-on-alcohol-launched-to-reduce-the-unsustainable-toll-of-alcohol-harms-in-europe

The WHO European Region has the heaviest alcohol consumption of all regions in the world. Alcohol use causes a significant reduction in life expectancy in Europe, especially among men. Here, every hour, alcohol causes over 80 deaths, adding up to approximately 800 000 lives lost each year.

 

[Note 9]

See

Ch. 1 “Machiavelli: The Renaissance of the Art of War”,

Ch. 7 “Clausewitz”, and

Ch. 8 “Adam Smith, Alexander Hamilton, Friedrich List: The Economic Foundations of Military Power” in

Peter Paret (ed.) (1986), “Makers of Modern Strategy: from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age”, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

https://www.amazon.com/Makers-Modern-Strategy-Machiavelli-Nuclear/dp/0691027641/

 

[Note 10]

R.H.  Campbell, A.S. Skinner and W.B. Todd, (ed.) (1976). “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations”, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-glasgow-edition-of-the-works-and-correspondence-of-adam-smith-9780198281849

 

[Note 11]

Wiki, The Empire on which the sun never sets

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_empire_on_which_the_sun_never_sets

 

[Note 12]

See Ch. 8 “Adam Smith, Alexander Hamilton, Friedrich List: The Economic Foundations of Military Power” in

Peter Paret (ed.) (1986), “Makers of Modern Strategy: from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age”, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

https://www.amazon.com/Makers-Modern-Strategy-Machiavelli-Nuclear/dp/0691027641/

 

[Note 13]

我的《信報》文章(2024年6月28日A16頁)

《喜馬拉雅山峰發臭 與 馬克龍拒做附庸》

www1.hkej.com/dailynews/commentary/article/3804992/喜馬拉雅山峰發臭與馬克龍拒做附庸

 

[Note 14]

2022 0903  The Hindu

“India overtakes U.K. to become fifth largest economy in the world”

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-overtakes-uk-to-become-fifth-largest-economy-in-the-world/article65844906.ece

 

2024 0808  The Macao News

“Brazil has leapfrogged Italy to become world’s 8th largest economy”

https://macaonews.org/news/lusofonia/brazil-italy-world-economy-gdp-economy-imf/

 

[Note 15]

2025 0625  POLITICO

https://www.politico.com/news/2025/06/25/nato-chief-calls-trump-daddy-00423485

THE HAGUE — NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte surprised reporters Wednesday by calling President Donald Trump “Daddy,” a moment of levity in a serious NATO summit.

 

20260214  《文匯網》

https://www.wenweipo.com/a/202602/14/AP698fe1b4e4b04d7d56d37f74.html

「誰是你爸爸?」據美國「政治新聞網」13日報道,北約秘書長呂特在慕尼黑安全會議期間接受該媒體採訪時回應了叫美國總統特朗普「爸爸」的原因,並稱自己已接納了這個梗。

 

 
















Wednesday, July 9, 2025

戰爭與和平? 特朗普盤算周密

我的《信報》文章(2025年7月7日A12頁)刊登後的改良加長版

本文也是我的

《中美關係2025-8 與柏拉圖、尼采、當代法家政治哲學》

論文系列的

〈論文二下〉特朗普可使美國短暫變得強大:

 《特朗普對 和平與戰爭 的盤算》

https://www.hkej.com/dailynews/commentary/article/4132253/戰爭與和平%3F+特朗普盤算周密




特朗普對和平與戰爭的盤算

                                 許劍昭

 

基於特朗普在首個總統任期及現任上半年的實際行動,他對和平與戰爭的盤算可以從三個角度簡略探討。

首先,從歷史地理角度來看,假如在任期間美國領土遭到轟炸,「美國再次偉大」的理想就無法實現;而倘若美國領土沒有擴張,躋身為「美國史上最偉大的總統之一」亦僅是一場夢想。

近百年來,美國領土至少遭受三次攻擊或嚴重威脅,包括1941年珍珠港事件(特朗普時年5歲)、1962年古巴危機(時年16歲)、2001年9/11襲擊(時年55歲)。

[Note 1]

另一方面,畢業於私立軍事中學的特朗普當然知道,美國從1776年在東岸13個州立國始,到1898年吞併夏威夷、1900年軍事擊敗土著後佔領南太平洋Samoa、1917年向丹麥購買 Virgin Islands、1959年阿拉斯加正式成為美國第49州、同年夏威夷則為第50州……長期致力擴大領土。

[Note 2]

一個較大的損失是,自1899年起對菲律賓的統治於1942年因日本攻佔而結束;二戰後,華盛頓面對強烈的非殖民化呼聲,無奈讓其成為一個新的共和國。

[Note 3]

有鑑於此,特朗普對和平與戰爭的盤算至少有三點。

第一,因俄羅斯及中國有能力直接轟炸美國腹地,故特朗普盡可能與俄、中保持和平的政治關係;而由於北韓有能力攻擊夏威夷甚至美國西岸,特朗普也試圖與金正恩建立友好關係。6月24日,總統辦公室頒布國家緊急狀態行政命令延長1年,理由是「北韓政權持續發展核武與導彈,持續對美國的國家安全、外交政策、經濟發展構成嚴重威脅。」由此可見,特朗普對國土受打擊的威脅高度關切。

[Note 4]

第二,特朗普既與軍工複合體沒有密切聯繫,也努力削減政府開支,卻不惜斥資1750億美元建造「金穹」飛彈防禦系統,充分反映了他對國土安全的重視程度。

[Note 5]

第三,特朗普緊盯格陵蘭及加拿大,策略似乎是先禮後兵併之入美國。因此,他不會浪費精力與盟友維持過往般的兄弟關係,反而會經常炫示其超級大國領導人的尊崇地位,必要時會施加軍事威脅,甚至派遣步兵駐紮某處,以獲得一些實質的進展,例如10 年後接管若干平方公里領土的協議。

[Note 6]

這枚和平與戰爭盤算的硬幣有兩面。

一邊是特朗普保持國際關係和平穩定,以便能夠專注於實現自己的目標;

另一邊是不會浪費資源去打一場不可能擴大國土的戰爭。

 

快速解決伊朗及以色列之爭就是一個避免長戰的例子。從6月19日星期四白宮發言人引述特朗普的話,表示重啟談判具「重大機會」(substantial chance),至6月23日星期一特朗普透過社交媒體宣布雙方同意停火,並感謝伊朗提前告知白宮他們即將轟炸美國軍事基地;事後諸葛而言,三方在幕後調解人的安排下,於四天內完成一場各有得失的表演。

[Note 7]

擅長於爆放誤導性煙幕的特朗普在宣布成功轟炸伊朗核設施的4分鐘記者會後,無法掩飾自己的喜悅,多達五次感謝上帝:「我只想感謝所有人,特別是上帝。我只想說,我們愛你,上帝,我們愛我們偉大的軍隊,保護他們。願上帝保佑中東,願上帝保佑以色列,願上帝保佑美國。」

[Note 8]

故此,解除伊朗經濟制裁的談判很快就會出現;同時,由於歐洲列國意識到特朗普絕非一個怯於動武的總統,在談判格陵蘭及加拿大融入美國時,不可避免地處於下風。

[Note 9]

從經濟金融角度來看,假如在任期間,美國高科技製造業失去主導地位,甚或美元不再是隻手可以遮天的交易及儲備貨幣,「美國再次偉大」只是個笑柄。

特朗普除了確保人工智能、高階芯片等高科技創新不斷升級,還要復興船舶、汽車、藥品、煉礦等高端製造業(對運動鞋、襪子、棉衣等清晰表示不感興趣);

同時務使國際商品運輸航線安全順暢、費用低廉,

並開拓海外市場增加出口。例如今年2月,特朗普倡議在阿拉斯加建造一條天然氣管道往東亞(要求日本及南韓投資建造此長度1300公里,成本440億美元的海底管道) ;另在關稅談判期間,要求歐盟及日本購買大量美國製造的汽車。

[Note 10]

為了實現所有這些目標,盡力確保歐亞同時處於和平、穩定的狀況,乃當然不過的盤算;其積極的副作用是減少其他國家的危機感,毋須增加黃金代替美元作為儲備。

第三個角度是從意識形態來看,借用遠交近攻的古語來描述,特朗普耍的一套是「強交弱攻」;具體行動是一方面強調與俄羅斯及中國領導人有非常好的關係,另一方面卻欺侮巴拿馬、加拿大的元首,戲弄烏克蘭、南非的總統。

[Note 11]

 

這種謀術背後的意識形態,可以參考柏克(Edmund Burke 1729 -97) 與潘恩(Thomas Paine 1737-1809)關於兩人在生時一起目

睹的法國大革命及美國獨立的辯論。

激勵廣大美東民眾反抗英國殖民統治的潘恩認為,每個人都擁有自由選擇、追求個人目標的天然權利;不受祖先道德、社會傳統、客觀環境的限制。

柏克則認為一個人生於社會並非出於選擇,而是祖先、父母的延展; 其一生後續的選擇及行為,均受到他與家庭、社區、國家乃至全球從古至今累積的複雜且非平等「關係」所限制。兩人的此項辯論被認為是現代左翼、右翼思想區分的開始。

[Note 12]

把右翼思想推向極端的特朗普,評級別國為

大與小、

強與弱、

主人與附庸不同的層級;

他自己受到關係的限制,但也能利用關係的新定位、新培育,來優化其和平與戰爭的盤算。

操控、玩弄國際及領導人之間的層級關係,短期內或可得到

強國的容忍、

弱國的退讓、

附庸的割地,

實現「美國再次偉大」。

但長遠而言,國勢衰落的風險卻會增加(另文討論) 。

 

Notes

[Note 1]

Wiki, Donald Trump

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump

… born June 14, 1946

Wiki, Attack on Pearl Harbor 1941 Dec

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor

Wiki, Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Oct

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis

Wiki, September 11 attacks   2001 Sep

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks

[Note 2]

Wiki, Donald Trump

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump

… His father enrolled him in New York Military Academy, a private boarding school, to complete secondary school.

Wiki, Territorial evolution of the United States

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States

Wiki, Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom

… annexation of the islands to the United States … in 1898

Wiki, American Samoa 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa

… The Navy secured a Deed of Cession of Tutuila in 1900 and a Deed of Cession of Manuʻa in 1904 on behalf of the U.S. government.

Wiki  History of the United States Virgin Islands

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands

… Faced with mounting deficits, the Danish government repeatedly attempted to sell the islands. After decades of negotiations, the United States purchased the islands in 1917 (USD25,000,000 in gold coin).

Wiki  List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union

……

49  Alaska  January 3, 1959

50  Hawaii  August 21, 1959

[Note 3]

Wiki,  Americans in the Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_in_the_Philippines

American settlement in the Philippines (Filipino: paninirahan sa Pilipinas ng mga Amerikano) began during the Spanish colonial period. The period of American colonization of the Philippines was 48 years long. It began with the cession of the Philippines to the U.S. by Spain in 1898 and lasted until the U.S. recognition of Philippine independence in 1946.

[Note 4]

2025 0624  Federal Register: The Daily Journal of the United States Government

“Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to North Korea: A Presidential Document by the Executive Office of the President on 06/24/2025”

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/24/2025-11683/continuation-of-the-national-emergency-with-respect-to-north-korea

The existence and risk of the proliferation of weapons-usable fissile material on the Korean Peninsula and the actions and policies of the Government of North Korea continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. For this reason, the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13466, expanded in scope in Executive Order 13551, addressed further in Executive Order 13570, further expanded in scope in Executive Order 13687, and under which additional steps were taken in Executive Order 13722 and Executive Order 13810, must continue in effect beyond June 26, 2025. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing for 1 year the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13466 with respect to North Korea.

[Note 5]

Wiki  Golden Dome (missile defense system)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Dome_(missile_defense_system)

Trump stated the project would be completed within three years and cost approximately $175 billion.

[Note 6]

2025 0504  POLITICO

“Trump still would like to add Canada and Greenland but says attack on Canada ‘highly unlikely’”

https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/04/trump-carney-canada-greenland-00325783

President Donald Trump isn’t closing the door on using force to attempt to annex Greenland and Canada. But he said the prospect of attacking Ottawa appears “highly unlikely.”

Greenland on the other hand?

“I don’t rule it out,” Trump told host Kristen Welker in an interview that aired Sunday on NBC’s “Meet the Press.” “I don’t say I’m going to do it, but I don’t rule out anything. No, not there. We need Greenland very badly. Greenland is a very small amount of people, which we’ll take care of, and we’ll cherish them, and all of that. But we need that for international security.”

[Note 7]

2025 0619  Fox News

“Iran talks with Europeans set for Friday; White House sees ‘substantial chance’ for renewed negotiations”

https://www.foxnews.com/politics/iran-talks-europeans-set-friday-white-house-sees-substantial-chance-renewed-negotiations

Speaking with reporters in the White House press briefing room Thursday, Leavitt confirmed U.S. and Iranian officials have engaged in six rounds of direct and indirect negotiations

Wiki,  Iran-Israel war ceasefire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_war_ceasefire

The Iran–Israel war ceasefire was a phased ceasefire in the Iran–Israel war, starting on the morning of 24 June 2025 (Tuesday). It was mediated by the United States and Qatar.

[Note 8]

2025 0622  Daily Beast

“Trump’s Strange God Talk Has People Concerned”

https://www.thedailybeast.com/donald-trumps-strange-god-talk-has-people-concerned/

In a Saturday evening address, where he confirmed the U.S. had struck three Iranian nuclear facilities, it was President Donald Trump’s repeated mention of “God” that stood out to several of his critics.

At the end of his four-minute address, Trump said, “I want to just thank everybody, in particular, God. I want to just say we love you God, and we love our great military, protect them. God bless the Middle East, God bless Israel, and God bless America.“

[Note 9]

2025 0624  Fox News

“Trump declares China can purchase Iranian oil as market signals cautious optimism”

https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-declares-china-can-purchase-iranian-oil-market-signals-cautious-optimism

2025 0625  CBS News

“Trump says U.S. will meet with Iran next week

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-nato-summit-the-hague-news-conference-iran-israel-ceasefire/

[Note 10]

2025 0521  CAP

“President Trump says he wants more U.S. Shipbuilding — Here’s How to do it well”

https://www.americanprogress.org/article/president-trump-says-he-wants-more-u-s-shipbuilding-heres-how-to-do-it-well/

2025 0429  The White House

“Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Incentivizes Domestic Automobile Production”

https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-incentivizes-domestic-automobile-production/

2025 0526

華爾街見聞

特朗普:美國製造業不要襪子要坦克

https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3747861


2025 0526  New York Post

“Trump says US wants to make tanks, not T-shirts”

https://nypost.com/2025/05/26/business/trump-says-us-wants-to-make-tanks-not-t-shirts/

President Donald Trump said on Sunday his tariff policy was aimed at promoting the domestic manufacturing of tanks and technology products, not sneakers and T-shirts.

Speaking to reporters before boarding Air Force One in New Jersey, Trump said he agreed with comments from Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent on April 29 that the US does not necessarily need a “booming textile industry” – comments that drew criticism from the National Council of Textile Organizations.

“We’re not looking to make sneakers and T-shirts. We want to make military equipment. We want to make big things. We want to make, do the AI thing,” Trump said.

2025 0219  AP News

“Trump puts the spotlight anew on a major Alaska gas project.  Will it make a difference?”

https://apnews.com/article/alaska-trump-gas-pipeline-dda1408ebd2235232092ce45ab63ee53

Trump mentioned the pipeline at a news conference with Japan’s prime minister earlier this month, drawing praise from Alaska Gov. Mike Dunleavy and U.S. Sen. Dan Sullivan, both Republicans. As proposed, the nearly 810-mile (1,300-kilometer) pipeline would funnel gas from Alaska’s vast North Slope to port, with an eye largely on exports to Asian countries.

Critics, however, see this as a repackaged version of a decades-old effort that has struggled to gain traction. Hurdles include the cost — an estimated $44 billion for the pipeline and related infrastructure — competition from other projects and questions about its economic feasibility.

[Note 11]

2025 0202  CNN

“Trump reiterates threat to retake Panama Canal ‘or something very powerful’ will happen”

https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/americas/panama-china-belt-and-road-initiative-rubio-visits-intl-latam

2024 1210  NBC News

“Trump mocks Prime Minister Justin Trudeau as the 'governor' of the 'Great State of Canada'

The president-elect recently quipped that Canada should become the 51st state and has proposed imposing tariffs on it.”

https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-mocks-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-governor-great-state-canada-rcna183570

2025 0228  CNN

“Watch tense Oval Office argument between Zelensky, Trump and Vance”

https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/28/politics/video/zelensky-trump-vance-russia-argument-oval-office-digvid

2025 0521  NPR

“Trump ambushes South Africa's president with false claims of 'white genocide'”

https://www.npr.org/2025/05/21/nx-s1-5404667/south-africa-white-house-visit-ramaphosa-trump-tensions

[Note 12]

Yuval Levin (2013), “The Great Debate: Edmund Burke, Thomas Paine and the Birth of Right and Left”, New York:Basic Books.

https://www.amazon.com/Great-Debate-Edmund-Burke-Thomas/dp/0465050972